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Essay: “Fascism’s problem is this: It despises the city, but is of the city”

This piece delivers a startling historical correction: the far-right's current obsession with defending the "pristine countryside" is a modern costume worn by a movement that was, at its core, an urban phenomenon. Break-Down exposes how the rhetoric of "blood and soil" is not a genuine love of nature, but a weaponized nostalgia used to justify exclusion, tracing a direct line from 1930s fascist failures in rural England to today's anti-immigration panic.

The Urban Roots of Rural Rhetoric

The article dismantles the popular narrative that the far-right are the natural defenders of the land. Instead, it argues that their engagement with rural life is performative and opportunistic. "Fascism and the countryside... tells a far more complex story about nationalism and rural life," the piece notes, highlighting that the British Union of Fascists (BUF) only turned to agriculture after realizing their urban base was insufficient. The editors point out that the movement's reliance on London and industrial centers was the reality, while their rural forays were "tragi-comic" attempts to manufacture relevance.

Essay: “Fascism’s problem is this: It despises the city, but is of the city”

This reframing is crucial for understanding current events. When modern groups claim to protect the "greenbelt" or "indigenous species," they are echoing a strategy that failed decades ago. The piece observes that "the farmer was to the metropolitan fascist of the 1930s what the fisherman is to Farage today. He... stands for what we have lost, or surrendered." This metaphor cuts through the noise of recent protests, revealing that the "local" concerns being shouted in the streets are actually imported ideologies from the city.

The far right has long portrayed itself as the defender of a pristine nature against urban corruption, but its history in the British countryside tells a far more complex story about nationalism and rural life.

The Purity Trap

The commentary dives deep into how environmentalism is twisted to serve ethnonationalist goals. Break-Down reports that groups like the Homeland Party claim to love the land, yet their policies "all circle one particular policy point: The greenbelt is being destroyed by population growth, which is driven by mass immigration." This is not conservation; it is a demand for demographic purity disguised as ecological concern. The article quotes the Indian writer Mukul Sharma, who notes that in these right-wing framings, "pollution dilutes and vitiates a hypothetically pristine socio-cultural fabric."

This connection between environmental purity and racial purity is the piece's most chilling insight. It draws a parallel to the 1939 fears of Viscount Lymington, a fascist aristocrat who predicted "panic, looting, revolution and wholesale bloodshed" if the country did not secure its food supply. Lymington blamed the "subhuman scum of the cities," a sentiment that mirrors modern conspiracy theories about global elites destroying the farmer. The article argues that "Marsh's panicked prospect of mass starvation... recalls Viscount Lymington's influential 1939 jeremiad," showing how the same fear-mongering tactics are being recycled.

Critics might argue that farmers today have legitimate grievances regarding land use and economic pressure, regardless of who is shouting about them. However, the piece effectively counters this by showing how these grievances are co-opted. When the far-right steps in, they prioritize "action" over democratic process, turning genuine economic anxiety into a vehicle for xenophobia.

The Failure of the "Back to the Land" Myth

The text also explores the intellectual history of this movement, noting that even those who seemed to genuinely care about the land were often ideologically compromised. It mentions Rolf Gardiner, a mystic who founded the Soil Association but also promoted "anti-science, anti-industrial" views rooted in ethno-nationalism. The article highlights the irony that Gardiner's "back to the land" philosophy was a "workshop, a testing-ground for the new ideals of Fascism."

This historical depth adds weight to the argument that the current "reconnection with nature" movement must be scrutinized. The piece notes that even in Germany, the Nazi message struggled to take root among actual farmers, with one peasant telling an emissary, "They only have those in Berlin." This suggests that the rural population is often more pragmatic than the ideologues who claim to speak for them. The editors remind us that "the realities of farming life seem seldom to have found room for exotic ideologies of race and state."

The farmer was to the metropolitan fascist of the 1930s what the fisherman is to Farage today. He (and it was always a he) stands for what we have lost, or surrendered; he is both emblem and custodian of the traditions of the race, and of the values and virtues we have in our folly set aside.

Bottom Line

Break-Down's most powerful contribution is its insistence that the far-right's love for the countryside is a lie; they despise the city but are entirely of the city, using rural imagery to mask their urban, exclusionary agenda. The piece's greatest strength is its ability to link the specific failures of the 1930s BUF to the current political moment without getting bogged down in personality cults. The biggest vulnerability in the current discourse is the failure to recognize that "protecting the land" is often a code for "purifying the population," a distinction this article makes with surgical precision.

Deep Dives

Explore these related deep dives:

  • Blood and soil

    The article directly references 'blut und boden' - the Nazi ideology connecting ethnic identity to land ownership. Understanding this concept is essential for grasping the ideological roots of far-right environmentalism discussed throughout the piece.

  • British Union of Fascists

    The article extensively discusses the BUF's relationship with rural England and agriculture, including Mosley's Blackshirts and their intervention in the East Anglian Tithe War. A deeper understanding of this organization provides crucial historical context.

  • Tithe War

    The article mentions the 'East Anglian Tithe War' as a key moment when British fascists engaged with rural communities. Understanding the broader tithe resistance movements illuminates why farmers became a target for fascist recruitment.

Sources

Essay: “Fascism’s problem is this: It despises the city, but is of the city”

by Various · Break-Down · Read full article

Welcome to what will be a slightly truncated newsletter this week. We are thick into the final stages of Issue #2, which we’re sending to print tomorrow (!) so have been rather busy getting that all finished up. But, we can at last share some details about what will be in it.

Themed around the idea of the “frontier”, Issue #2 contains essays on the new scramble for Arctic shipping lanes; Brazilian ecological politics;, data centres in the Irish peat bogs; strategic openings in a time of fossil fuel industry consolidation; and a truly revelatory piece on solar geoengineering—alongside many others. Also making their debut are a number of dispatches from the frontlines of the climate struggle, with reports from Indonesia’s nickel mines, Canada’s Ring of Fire and the Lithium Triangle. Pre-orders for Issue #2 will go live shortly!

The news in the UK over the past month has been dominated by one issue: immigration. Fueled by a growing political right along with an increasingly supine and reactionary media, and kindled by protests in many instances organised by activists from extreme groups like the Homeland Party, the country seems to be in the midst of a bizarre moral panic. These protests, we often hear, represent the true concerns of “locals”, the presumption being that those who are against are rootless. There’s a distinct form of rhetorical doubling in this, one with a long history on the right: the true Englishman is rooted in the soil; the leftist is a vapid cosmopolitan, at home nowhere.

The spiritual home of this kind of rhetoric is, of course, the British countryside. In this week’s newsletter we have a superb essay by the novelist, essayist and nature writer, Richard Smyth, who has long been interested in the links between the British far right and the rural landscape. That history has, as Smyth makes clear, often been one of failure, peopled by “nonentities and cranks”. But it raises fascinating questions both about our relationship, on the left, to nature, as well as about how we counter this new reactionary upswell.

— John Merrick, (co-editor of the BREAK—DOWN)

Fascism and the countryside.

The far right has long portrayed itself as the defender of a pristine nature against urban corruption, but its history in the British countryside tells a far more complex story about nationalism and rural life.

by RICHARD SMYTH

“Nationalism and environmentalism go hand in ...