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A film that shines after one hundred years

This piece does more than celebrate a centenary; it resurrects the visceral struggle of making art when the world is collapsing around you. Animation Obsessive argues that The Adventures of Prince Achmed is not merely a historical curiosity but a testament to the "joys of explorers in an unknown country," a claim that reframes a century-old silhouette film as a radical act of defiance against the economic and artistic constraints of Weimar Germany.

The Architecture of Defiance

The editors anchor their celebration in the sheer improbability of the film's existence. They note that the project began in 1923, a time of hyperinflation where "dollars they brought in made us go along quite well," only to face a funding cliff when the currency stabilized. Animation Obsessive highlights the unique position of the creators, noting, "But we did not belong to the industry. We always had been outsiders and we always had done what we wanted to do." This distinction is crucial; it suggests that the film's enduring magic stems from its independence from commercial imperatives. The piece effectively uses Lotte Reiniger's own memoir to illustrate the physical toll of this independence, describing how she "had to kneel on the seat of an old dismantled motorcar to execute my manipulation" because the studio was a low attic.

A film that shines after one hundred years

The coverage shines when it details the technical ingenuity required to solve problems that modern animators take for granted. The editors report that the team used a bicycle pump for stop-motion initially because "the reclining movement of pulling the string of the good bicycle pump allowed my eyes to be fixed on my scene perpetually," a tactile connection that was lost when they switched to a motor. This anecdote underscores a broader point: the film's soul is inextricably linked to the manual labor of its creation. Critics might argue that focusing on the romanticism of the struggle overlooks the commercial realities that eventually forced the team to cut corners, but the piece wisely sidesteps this to focus on the artistic triumph.

"What has this to do with the year 1923? ... Nothing, but that I am alive now, and I want to do it as I have the chance."

A Symphony of Chaos and Order

Beyond the mechanics, the article explores the social consciousness embedded in the film. The editors cite scholar William Moritz to argue that "in the 1920s equal rights for women and homosexuals formed part of the agenda for socialists, and Reiniger also treated those issues with good consciousness." This contextualizes the film not just as a fairy tale, but as a product of its specific political moment, aligning with the broader Weimar avant-garde that included figures like Berthold Bartosch, whose experimental wave animation for Aladdin's flight is described as "absolutely brand new." The piece notes that Bartosch "could not be stopped experimenting with waves afterwards," highlighting the tension between artistic perfectionism and the need to finish a feature-length project.

The narrative of the film's premiere is particularly gripping, serving as a microcosm of the chaos Reiniger navigated. Animation Obsessive recounts how the projector lens broke just before the show, forcing Reiniger's husband to "dashed towards him and told him in moving words of our desperate situation" to a stranger with a key to a closed theater. The editors emphasize the precariousness of the moment: "To step in front of the already angry audience and tell them that they had made their journey in vain required more courage than any of us possessed." This storytelling choice transforms a historical footnote into a high-stakes drama, proving that the film's survival was never guaranteed.

The Human Cost of Innovation

The article's strongest move is its refusal to treat the film as a static artifact. Instead, it presents the production as a living, breathing struggle against the odds. The editors quote Reiniger's description of the anxiety during production: "Whilst working you only see your figures on your composition in one position. What will it look like when it moves... were riddles whose solution could only be awaited with hope." This captures the universal anxiety of creation, making the 1926 context feel immediate to a modern reader. The piece also notes the role of the orchestra, explaining how "small pictures of the film were cut out and pasted in, so that the conductor knew where he had to place his intended effects," a detail that bridges the gap between visual and auditory storytelling in the silent era.

However, the piece could have delved deeper into the specific social dynamics of the "bohemian art scene" mentioned, particularly how the inclusion of socialist themes in a fantasy film was received by the conservative elements of 1920s Berlin. While the editors mention the "liberation movements of that period," a brief exploration of the backlash Reiniger might have faced would have added further weight to her "good consciousness."

Bottom Line

Animation Obsessive succeeds in making a century-old film feel urgently relevant by focusing on the human struggle behind the art. Its greatest strength is the use of Reiniger's own voice to illustrate the precariousness of artistic creation, while its main vulnerability is a slight under-examination of the political backlash such radical art might have provoked. For the busy reader, this is a reminder that the most enduring masterpieces are often born from the most desperate circumstances.

The film was an hourlong piece with rich colors and a complex, synchronized score, done before the era of talkies or color films, and at a time when animation was short as a rule.

Deep Dives

Explore these related deep dives:

  • Silhouette animation

    Understanding this specific technique reveals how Reiniger achieved the film's unique visual depth and fluidity using only cut cardboard and wire joints, distinguishing it from the cel animation that later dominated the industry.

  • Romansh language

    This obscure Berlin studio was the unlikely incubator for the first surviving animated feature, illustrating how Weimar Germany's experimental scientific institutions unexpectedly fostered avant-garde artistic breakthroughs.

  • Berthold Bartosch

    As a key collaborator on Prince Achmed who later directed the surrealist feature The Idea, his involvement highlights the film's connection to the broader European modernist movement rather than just traditional storytelling.

Sources

A film that shines after one hundred years

Welcome! This is another Sunday issue of the Animation Obsessive newsletter, and our slate goes like this:

1. A story for the centenary of The Adventures of Prince Achmed.

2. Animation newsbits.

Now, let’s go!

1. Reiniger on her creation.

It was a century ago this weekend. On the Sunday of May 2, 1926, the first public screening of The Adventures of Prince Achmed took place in Berlin.1

The film is the earliest animated feature that survives today. It predates Snow White by more than a decade — and, after one hundred years, it’s still an incredible thing.

The author Cecile Starr once wrote, “The Adventures of Prince Achmed is an acclaimed masterpiece … [that] is also amusing, surprising, frightening, passionate and entertaining, which means that it can easily hold its own against non-masterpieces as well.” She was absolutely correct.2

Behind the film was animator Lotte Reiniger, a member of Weimar Germany’s bohemian art scene. With silhouettes cut out of cardboard and thin lead, and joined at the joints with wires, she told gorgeous stop-motion stories. Even before Prince Achmed, artists like Marc Chagall had praised her. Then this film drew eyes around the world; even an American paper quickly declared it a “masterpiece.”3

Pulling from the One Thousand and One Nights, Reiniger and her small team made a movie whose magic is hard to believe. That’s true even technically. This is an hourlong piece with rich colors and a complex, synchronized score, done before the era of talkies or color films, and at a time when animation was short as a rule.

The film was unusual, too, in its use of animated drama — and in its social points. “In the 1920s equal rights for women and homosexuals formed part of the agenda for socialists, and Reiniger also treated those issues with good consciousness,” wrote the scholar William Moritz. Reiniger’s work was visibly affected by the liberation movements of that period.4

We covered the making of Prince Achmed last year, in one of our favorite issues we’ve printed. That said, getting the story from the director herself is a different experience. And, fortunately, Reiniger made that possible in her lifetime.

Around 56 years ago, she penned a wonderful firsthand account of Prince Achmed for a journal called The Silent Picture (1968–1974).5 To honor the film’s hundredth birthday, we’re sharing it below. We hope you’ll enjoy!

The Adventures of Prince ...