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Is the dollar finally on the way out?

Forget the daily dollar fluctuations. Joeri Schasfoort doesn’t just analyze currency trends—he excavates 400 years of financial archaeology to reveal why the dollar’s potential decline isn’t about Trump or tariffs, but a hidden historical pattern where reserve currencies collapse from within. His evidence? The Dutch Republic’s forgotten implosion and Britain’s stubborn, painful retreat—both proving that losing the crown doesn’t mean national ruin, but the transition itself is perilously misunderstood.

The Exorbitant Burden Unpacked

Schasfoort’s masterstroke is reframing the dollar’s so-called "exorbitant privilege" as a double-edged sword. He traces how the Dutch guilder’s dominance in 1609—when the Bank of Amsterdam became the template for all central banks—gave tiny provinces borrowing rates of 2-3% while giants like France paid 10-12%. This wasn’t just convenience; it was existential. During the 1672 "year of disaster" when France and England invaded, Joeri Schasfoort writes, "the Dutch provinces could still borrow at rates much lower than the invaders... This privilege allowed the tiny country to hire German mercenaries and simultaneously subsidize the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs to enter the war on its side." The core argument lands because it shows reserve status isn’t abstract—it’s battlefield financing. Yet he pivots sharply: easy money bred complacency. As Schasfoort puts it, "money had essentially gotten too easy," fueling East India Company overreach and real estate speculation that hollowed out Dutch trade. This historical parallel to today’s U.S. debt bubbles and inequality isn’t forced—it’s forensic. Critics might note modern financial regulation didn’t exist then, but Schasfoort wisely anchors his case in the behavioral trap: elites funding rivals’ rise (Dutch capital built British industry; U.S. capital built China’s).

Losing this part of exorbitant privilege was literally the beginning of the end for the Dutch Republic.

Why Britain’s Fight Changes Everything

Where others fixate on the dollar’s replacement, Schasfoort zooms in on Britain’s desperate 1920s gamble—a move the Dutch never got. After WWI, Britain chose sky-high interest rates to defend the pound’s gold convertibility, sacrificing growth to cling to privilege. This detail, drawn from his deep dive on the pound’s twilight, is revelatory: "high British interest rates and the loss of trust in the stability of the US during the Great Depression actually meant that the pound regained its position before the Second World War." Paraphrasing his insight: reserve status isn’t surrendered gracefully—it’s defended until the last sovereign breath. This reframes today’s dollar anxiety: the real threat isn’t a sudden collapse, but a decade-long erosion where the U.S. sacrifices growth to maintain dominance, just as Britain did. Schasfoort’s evidence holds up because he avoids the "single cause" fallacy—he shows Britain fell due to combined industrial complacency (missing the electrical revolution), unfair competition from tariff-walled rivals (U.S./Germany), and colonial overextension. Yet he underplays one modern wildcard: unlike 1913 when the Federal Reserve’s creation suddenly made the dollar credible, today’s digital currencies lack a clear institutional anchor.

Is the dollar finally on the way out?

The Dollar’s Unlikely Lifeline

Schasfoort’s most contrarian—and convincing—point demolishes panic about the dollar’s imminent demise. He notes both the Netherlands and Britain remained wealthy after losing reserve status, then delivers the knockout: "Today, America’s situation looks much less clear-cut than that of the Dutch Republic. There is no clear alternative right now." This isn’t optimism—it’s historical realism. The Dutch had Britain waiting in the wings; Britain had a U.S. ready with the 1913 Federal Reserve. Today? The euro lacks fiscal unity, the yuan faces capital controls, and crypto remains volatile. His analysis of Trump’s "liberation day" moment—when money fled the U.S. during crisis instead of flocking there—perfectly illustrates the first symptom of decline. But he wisely stresses this mirrors the Dutch Republic’s 1780s, not its 1795 fall. The argument’s vulnerability? It assumes geopolitical shocks (like a Taiwan conflict) won’t accelerate fragmentation faster than history suggests. Still, his refusal to predict an endpoint—focusing instead on the process—feels refreshingly grounded.

Bottom Line

Schasfoort’s deepest contribution is exposing the "exorbitant burden"—how reserve status fuels the very forces that destroy it—a framework future debates must grapple with. His biggest blind spot? Underestimating how digital assets could bypass traditional transition paths. Watch not for the dollar’s death, but for the moment U.S. borrowing costs rise during a crisis. That’s when history’s quietest warning bell will ring.

Deep Dives

Explore these related deep dives:

  • The Ascent of Money Amazon · Better World Books by Niall Ferguson

    A financial history of the world — how money, credit, and banking shaped civilization.

  • Dutch guilder

    Explains the Dutch Republic's stable accounting unit that underpinned its reserve currency dominance through fractional-reserve practices at the Bank of Amsterdam.

  • Snake in the tunnel

    Details the 1970s European currency stabilization mechanism that foreshadowed modern challenges to dollar hegemony, mirroring the article's historical parallels.

  • Financial history of the Dutch Republic

    Reveals how the Netherlands' innovative sovereign debt markets enabled ultra-low borrowing costs that funded its naval supremacy despite its small size.

Sources

Is the dollar finally on the way out?

by Joeri Schasfoort · Money & Macro · Watch video

History tells us that no currency remains at the top forever. First it was the Dutch Gilder, then the British pound, and now the world is asking if the US dollar is next. >> A so-called sell America trade. The American currency slipped to its lowest level against the euro in more than four years.

>> A slow osion of confidence in dollarbased assets. >> So is Trump finally pushing the world to move away from using the dollar as their currency of choice? This would be a massive deal. Even Trump himself has said that >> if you want to go to third world status, lose your reserve currency.

>> But is it actually true? Both Britain and the Netherlands have lost their reserve currency status a while ago. And yet they are still wealthy countries today. And while perhaps easily forgotten, we have actually been here before.

In the 1970s, many economists thought that the US dollar was done for and would be replaced by gold or a basket of other currencies. yet it came back stronger than ever. Could the same thing happen to the dollar today? And if the dollar does fall, what can we expect?

To answer these questions, we could not just look at the latest data like we normally do on this channel. Instead, we had no choice but to go back 400 years in time to track in detail the rise, survival, resurgence, and fall of the British pound, the rise, fall, and resurgence of the US dollar. And first chapter one, the rise and fall of the Dutch Gilder. The year is609.

The newly established Dutch Republic is quickly becoming the global trading powerhouse with the city of Amsterdam at its center. As one of the few places where money was protected by the rule of law, even if your country was literally waging war against the republic, your money would still be safe in Amsterdam. As a consequence, silver coins from all over Europe were flooding to the bank that would later become the template for all central banks, the Bank of Amsterdam. Officially, the Bank of Amsterdam promised that all deposits there were backed by silver coins in the vault.

But it would later be revealed that this was not fully the case. In fact, the bank was using its silver to provide basically for free cheap loans to ...