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The myth of the toddler testosterone surge

In an era where parenting advice often leans on biological determinism to excuse chaos, Dr. Cara Goodwin delivers a necessary reality check: the viral claim that toddlers experience a testosterone surge is scientifically baseless. This piece cuts through the noise of social media soundbites to reveal how a dangerous myth is reshaping how adults interact with young boys, potentially cementing the very behavioral issues parents hope to avoid.

The Science vs. The Soundbite

Goodwin immediately dismantles the popular narrative that boys between ages three and five undergo a hormonal spike comparable to puberty. She writes, "Despite how widespread this idea has become, research consistently finds that testosterone does not show any significant increases during this time." The author traces the origin of this misconception not to peer-reviewed journals, but to a bestselling book by Steve Biddulph, noting that while the book has merits, it "over-emphasizes the difference between boys and girls and that some of the claims... are not based on research."

The myth of the toddler testosterone surge

This distinction is critical. By attributing rowdy behavior to a non-existent biological event, parents are subtly absolved of the responsibility to intervene. Goodwin argues that this framing is a classic example of "neurobabble," where biological terms are used to make an idea sound more credible than it really is. She explains that "using a neurobiological explanation not only makes the fact sound more credible but makes the differences in behavior seem more 'fixed' meaning that there is nothing that parents can do to reign in the aggression or hyperactivity of boys."

The danger here is not just misinformation; it is the self-fulfilling prophecy it creates. When parents believe behavior is biologically predetermined, they stop offering guidance. As Goodwin puts it, "Parents may begin to believe that challenging behavior is simply the result of a transient biological process beyond their control."

When myths like this are promoted, it changes the way that parents perceive and respond boys' behavior and these changes may not always be positive.

The Gendered Trap of "Boys Will Be Boys"

The commentary shifts to the social dynamics that reinforce this myth. Goodwin observes that while boys and girls may show different behavioral trends in preschool, these are often exacerbated by how adults treat them. She notes that "parents during this time may respond differently to boys versus girls which only further differentiates their behavior." The article highlights a troubling trend where parents are more likely to ignore boys' vulnerable emotions like sadness or fear, leading them to express those feelings as anger instead.

Goodwin writes, "Research finds that parents are more likely to ignore boys' feelings of sadness and anxiety. Over time this may lead boys to express fewer of these more vulnerable emotions and instead show more anger and aggression." This is a profound insight: the myth of the testosterone surge becomes a convenient excuse to neglect the emotional coaching that boys desperately need. The author suggests that boys may actually be more sensitive to parenting styles than girls, making the "boys will be boys" dismissal particularly harmful.

Critics might argue that biological differences in play styles are undeniable and that ignoring them sets parents up for failure. However, Goodwin counters that acknowledging these differences does not require accepting aggression as inevitable. She emphasizes that "boys' behavior may be more impacted by positive parenting practices than girls and that negative parenting practices are more likely to lead to behavioral problems in boys than girls."

A Path Forward: Intentional Parenting

Rather than surrendering to biology, Goodwin offers a roadmap for intentional engagement. She urges parents to "Let boys express all of their feelings" and to actively teach social-emotional skills like perspective-taking and empathy. The author suggests practical steps, such as discussing emotions in books and movies, to bridge the gap that often exists in father-son or mother-son communication.

She also tackles the issue of discipline, warning that "parents, particularly fathers, with more traditional ideas about gender roles tend to use more physical control of boys than girls, which may contribute to the later development of aggressive behavior." The solution, she argues, is consistency: "Set the same rules for play for boys and girls." By modeling healthy emotional regulation themselves, parents can break the cycle of aggression that the testosterone myth seeks to justify.

Rather than accepting a 'boys will be boys' mindset, parents can work to help boys to develop emotional regulation and social skills.

Bottom Line

Goodwin's strongest argument lies in exposing how "neurobabble" is used to lower parental expectations for boys, effectively granting them a pass on emotional maturity. The piece's vulnerability is its heavy reliance on the assumption that parents want to change their behavior once the myth is debunked, which may not account for deep-seated cultural norms. Ultimately, this is a vital reminder that behavior is not destiny, and that the most powerful influence on a child's development remains the intentionality of the adults around them.

Sources

The myth of the toddler testosterone surge

Welcome to the Parenting Translator newsletter! I’m Dr. Cara Goodwin and my goal is to take all of the scientific research that is out there on parenting and child development and translate it into information that is useful, accurate, and relevant for parents. My new book, What To Do When You Feel Like Biting, just came out and you can order it from Amazon here or from other retailers here. The next book in the series is What To Do When It’s Time To Calm Down, is also available for pre-order here. If you already ordered my book, please leave an Amazon Review. Even if your review is only a few words, it will help support my book and mission! Thank you in advance!

Most parents of boys have had this experience— their son shows some kind of challenging behavior and someone nearby shrugs and says something along the lines of “boys will be boys,” or otherwise implies that rough or rowdy behavior is natural and even inevitable for boys. Although meant to be validating, these remarks suggest that nothing that can— or should— be done to change or improve the behavior and parents must simply accept it. To further drive home this point, there is now a viral sound bite circulating on social media stating that boys between the ages of three and five experience a surge of testosterone comparable to that of puberty—supposedly explaining why boys are more active, defiant, or aggressive during these years. But is it true that boys experience a testosterone surge during the early childhood years and what does the science say about how parents should manage the behaviors of boys?

The Research on Testosterone.

Despite how widespread this idea has become, research consistently finds that testosterone does not show any significant increases during this time. Testosterone does increase during the first two trimesters of pregnancy and during the first six months of a boy’s life (a time period referred to as mini-puberty). The rise in testosterone during pregnancy and infancy may contribute to behavioral differences between boys and girls later in life but it is certainly not the only factor that drives these behavioral differences. For example, research finds that infants with higher testosterone levels show more stereotypical male play as toddlers (such as playing with trains instead of baby dolls) yet the effects are very modest meaning that other factors must be ...