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What is enough (to achieve lasting change)?

This piece cuts through the noise of standard educational reform by asking a brutal question that most activists avoid: when the rules are rigged, is "more effort" actually enough? Future Schools doesn't offer a pep talk; instead, it traces a direct line from a 1971 corporate manifesto to the current paralysis of public education, arguing that traditional civic engagement is no longer sufficient against a system designed to be unbeatable. For busy readers trying to navigate a political landscape that feels increasingly hopeless, this analysis provides the sobering context needed to stop blaming themselves for a game that was fixed decades ago.

The Architecture of the 1%

The article's most striking move is its refusal to treat current political stagnation as an accident or a temporary glitch. Instead, Future Schools frames the current crisis as the intended outcome of a specific, decades-long strategy. The piece anchors this argument in the 1971 "Powell Memo," a document written by Lewis F. Powell Jr. before his appointment to the Supreme Court. Future Schools reports that this "pro-capitalist manifesto" explicitly urged the Chamber of Commerce to "invest money and human resources in media, establishing (advocacy) think tanks... [and] drafting academic literature" to advance a capitalist ideology.

What is enough (to achieve lasting change)?

This historical context is crucial because it shifts the blame from general societal drift to a deliberate campaign. The editors note that Powell viewed civil rights activists and educators as "enemies of capitalism" and successfully orchestrated a counter-attack that culminated in legal precedents like Citizens United. The piece argues that "explicit and exorbitant corporate influence over our judicial system and political system was born and codified into law" following these efforts. This is a powerful reframing: the erosion of democracy isn't a failure of the public's will, but a success of a well-funded, long-term corporate strategy.

"Remaining ignorant of the entrenched corporate chokehold over our future, or hoping to take-to-the-streets or vote our way out of this morass, seem to be insufficient approaches in contesting money's influence over politics."

Critics might argue that this analysis is too deterministic, potentially demobilizing citizens by suggesting that resistance is futile. However, the piece anticipates this by distinguishing between "delusion" and "realism." It cites Barbara Ehrenreich to warn that "delusion is no way to confront reality," suggesting that false hope is actually more dangerous than admitting the severity of the situation. By grounding the argument in the specific mechanics of the Powell Memo and the subsequent Citizens United ruling, the article avoids vague pessimism and offers a concrete diagnosis of the problem.

The Failure of Traditional Guardrails

The commentary then pivots to the present day, dismantling the popular belief that voting or standard activism can reverse the current trajectory. Future Schools points to research by Page and Gilens (2012), which concluded that "average citizens and mass-based interest groups" had "virtually zero impact" on policy outcomes compared to wealthy counterparts. The editors use this data to challenge the conventional wisdom that "electing the right people" or getting "engaged" will solve the crisis.

The piece highlights the specific impact on education, noting that for forty years, the system has been "hijacked by the demands of the business community that seeks to optimize efficiency and testing while minimizing opportunities to develop critical thinking." This is not just about curriculum; it is about the structural alignment of schools with corporate interests. The article draws a sharp parallel to the Berlin Conference of the 1880s, where African nations were carved up by external powers without regard for local populations, suggesting that modern urban education reform often follows a similar pattern of external imposition and resource extraction.

"The bulk of our American public seems to be wishing and hoping that the problems that plague our modern demos will work themselves out through the good work of committed activists or traditional guardrails that existed to protect the bulk of Americans from political leaders' worst intentions."

This section is particularly effective because it validates the exhaustion many feel. The editors acknowledge that "activism fatigue is real" and that even those on the "winning side" often experience disillusionment. By admitting that "voting alone is not sufficient," the piece creates space for a more honest conversation about what actually works. It suggests that the "traditional approaches that have been implemented routinely, are woefully insufficient in this moment."

The Camden Case Study

To ground these abstract arguments in reality, the piece turns to the specific experience of Camden, New Jersey. The author, a teacher and former union president in Camden, describes the struggle against "well-resourced and politically connected opposition" during the Chris Christie years. The narrative details how billions in tax incentives were given to multinational corporations with no guarantee of local hiring, and how Community Management Organizations (CMOs) "hijack our District's enrollment and pirate our budget."

Future Schools reports that despite years of "vociferous" fighting by regular people, "the money Big Money has to spend to blunt the efforts of regular people seems endless, and appears ultimately, to be undefeated." This anecdotal evidence serves as a microcosm for the national struggle. The piece argues that the "1% rule" is not a metaphor but a lived reality in cities like Camden, where "no matter how vociferous we regular people fight... the downward trajectory we're on precipitated by the 1% ownership of our government" continues.

"I do however believe openly admitting such, could possibly spur some thoughts from others that could provide a potential blueprint for success - something that's been fleeting for far too long."

The strength of this section lies in its refusal to offer a false solution. The author admits, "I still have no idea of what 'works' in a lasting sense anymore." This vulnerability is rare in political commentary. Instead of selling a silver bullet, the piece invites a collective re-evaluation of strategy. It asks readers to consider when the last time was that "the People winning and beating back corporate power" happened, noting that most responses point to the 1960s or 1970s, implying a long period of stagnation.

Bottom Line

The strongest part of this argument is its unflinching diagnosis of the structural imbalance between corporate power and public will, moving beyond personality-driven politics to analyze the machinery of the "1% rule." Its biggest vulnerability is the lack of a concrete alternative strategy, leaving the reader with a sobering truth but no clear path forward. However, by forcing a confrontation with the reality that "delusion is no way to confront reality," the piece provides the necessary foundation for any future movement to be effective.

Deep Dives

Explore these related deep dives:

  • Lewis F. Powell Jr.

    Central to the article's argument about corporate influence on American politics and education. The 1971 memo is discussed extensively as the origin point for systematic corporate political organizing, yet most readers won't know its full history and lasting impact.

  • Citizens United v. FEC

    The article mentions this landmark 2010 Supreme Court case as the culmination of corporate political influence that began with Powell's earlier Bellotti decision. Understanding the legal reasoning and consequences provides essential context for the oligarchy argument.

  • Berlin Conference

    Referenced as an example of historical catastrophe in the article's opening survey of conflict and struggle. The 1884-85 conference that partitioned Africa among European powers is a pivotal but often under-examined event that shaped modern geopolitics.

Sources

What is enough (to achieve lasting change)?

What is Enough (to achieve lasting change)?

As many social studies and history teachers can attest, a significant portion of our profession consists of the surveying of struggle and progress, both domestically and internationally. From the Peloponnesian War in Greece in 431 BCE, to the Industrial Revolution within the western world in late 1700s; from the catastrophic ramifications endured by Africa resulting from the Berlin Conference in the 1880s, to the Michael Brown (2014), Brianna Taylor and George Floyd protests (both in 2020), discussing conflict and how societies emerge from them are central elements of our practice. That said, in my honest thoughts, which I do share with my students both at Camden High School in Camden, NJ and in my political science course at Rutgers University-Camden, I wonder what, in today’s contemporary era of 1% rule, is sufficient to achieve “victory”, and will whatever efforts the People put forth ever be “enough” to secure it.

As a city high school teacher of social studies, former union president, and researcher of urban education, the bulk of my work demands that I remain aware of narratives that influence conventional wisdom and policy within education; identify errors and blindspots in popularly understood narratives and confront them by providing broader practical and research-based context - none of which can be done while wearing rose-colored glasses. In calling attention to the linking of urban education reform and redevelopment during the Chris Christie years in Camden from 2011-2016; identifying the broad misunderstanding of “failing” urban schools; exploring the insufficiency of schooling for “college and career readiness” for specifically urban students of color, part of my responsibility as an educator and researcher is to be honest about what I’m seeing and what research indicates.

As such, it is quite often that my conclusions do not elicit a sense of joy or motivation but, hopefully, a sense of realism and contextualized understanding that could help sustain honest exploration about what exactly we are dealing with. To be sure, we are in an exceedingly tenuous moment in American history and looking away from reality will not save us any more than insufficient solutions will. The late Barbara Ehrenreich commented that “delusion is no way to confront reality”, and Ruddick (1999) and Musschenga (2019) wrote about the dangers and delusions of false hope. Collectively, the bulk of our American public seems to be wishing and hoping that the problems ...