← Back to Library

More lanes are (still) a bad thing

Jason Slaughter dismantles the most persistent myth in urban planning with a clarity that cuts through decades of bureaucratic inertia: adding lanes to highways doesn't fix traffic; it guarantees more of it. This isn't just a critique of bad engineering; it's an expose of a trillion-dollar feedback loop where the solution to congestion is the very cause of its return. For anyone tired of watching their tax dollars vanish into endless asphalt projects that leave them stuck in the same gridlock, Slaughter's analysis offers a necessary, if frustrating, truth.

The Plumbing Fallacy

Slaughter begins by attacking the intuitive logic that drives most infrastructure spending. "When a highway gets filled up with traffic the solution seems obvious make it bigger then there's more space for all the cars," he notes. He immediately dismantles this by pointing out that cars are not water. "Cars are driven by people people who make different decisions based on their environment and the options available to them." This distinction is the crux of the entire argument. By treating traffic as a fluid dynamics problem rather than a behavioral one, planners ignore the human element that dictates how we live, work, and shop.

More lanes are (still) a bad thing

The author explains that when capacity increases, it doesn't just clear the current jam; it changes the calculus for millions of daily decisions. People move further away from their jobs, choose larger homes in distant suburbs, or switch from public transit to driving because the new road makes it seem viable. "These new trips and new travel patterns have been induced by the increase in Road capacity," Slaughter writes. "They effectively nullify the benefits of that increase in Road capacity." This is the concept of induced demand, a phenomenon known to planners since the 1930s yet routinely ignored in modern budget meetings.

"Congested highways are the equilibrium condition that the market will always return to which is why you cannot simply solve traffic by increasing capacity for cars."

Critics might argue that latent demand—people who want to travel but can't due to current congestion—justifies expansion. Slaughter counters that while some latent demand exists, the primary driver is the induced demand created by the expansion itself, which spreads development out and makes car dependency the only option. The distinction is vital: one is meeting existing needs, the other is manufacturing new ones that require even more road space.

The Human Cost of "Improvement"

The commentary shifts from abstract theory to stark reality as Slaughter details the financial and social toll of these failed projects. He highlights the Los Angeles 405 widening, which cost over a billion dollars and resulted in increased travel times within a single year. But the cost isn't just monetary. "Literally a thousand people are going to be forcely evicted to widen this," he says, referring to the North Houston Highway Improvement Project. "This is the neighborhood of Clayton Holmes it's gone now like it's been bulldozed."

The argument here is devastatingly simple: we are destroying communities to build roads that won't work. Slaughter points out the absurdity of the feedback loop where traffic models predict growth that only happens because the road is built, which is then used to justify even more construction. "The goal of traffic modeling is not to be right it's to create a plausible narrative as to why more construction is both needed and helpful," he quotes former engineer Chuck Marohn. This admission reveals a systemic incentive structure where the industry is paid to build, not to solve.

The Paradox of More Roads

Slaughter introduces a mathematical counter-intuition known as Braess's Paradox, which proves that adding roads can actually slow down the entire network. "Even if the cars were all magically driven by robots someday more roads can still mean less capacity," he writes. This moves the argument beyond human psychology into the realm of network theory, suggesting that the problem is fundamental to the design of car-centric systems.

The solution, he argues, is not to build more roads, but to remove them. He cites the removal of the Cheonggyecheon Expressway in Seoul, where traffic improved after the highway was torn down and replaced with a river. "Traffic evaporation some car trips move to public transportation but others just Disappear Completely." This phenomenon suggests that when capacity is reduced, people find other ways to move or stop making the trip altogether, rather than getting stuck in gridlock.

"There is no solution to car traffic except viable alternatives to driving."

The author emphasizes that most people are not "car people" or "train people"; they are simply people who want to get somewhere efficiently. "In Amsterdam that best choice is often a bicycle in Tokyo it's often a train but in far too many cities the only only quick and efficient way to get around is by car." The problem isn't a cultural preference for driving; it's a lack of viable alternatives. When high-quality transit or cycling infrastructure is built, induced demand works in favor of the city, filling those modes with riders rather than cars.

Bottom Line

Jason Slaughter's piece is a masterclass in cutting through the noise of infrastructure politics to reveal a simple, uncomfortable truth: you cannot pave your way out of congestion. The strongest part of his argument is the reframing of induced demand not as a failure of planning, but as a predictable outcome of human behavior that is systematically exploited to justify endless spending. The biggest vulnerability, however, is the sheer political inertia required to shift away from road building; as Slaughter notes, it is difficult to get people to understand something when their salary depends on them not understanding it. The path forward requires not just better engineering, but a fundamental reimagining of how cities are built and who they are built for.

Sources

More lanes are (still) a bad thing

by Jason Slaughter · Not Just Bikes · Watch video

we see it all the time another road widening project this time they've promised to get us moving this time congestion will be solved but then it isn't it never is this shouldn't be a surprise to anyone because planners have known since at least the 1930s that more Lanes do not solve traffic in fact they actually create more traffic so I wondered do I even need to make this video there are already lots of research papers articles and videos about all of this all over the Internet some bu people much more educated on this topic than me but apparently yes I do because cities are still spending billions on road widening and Highway expansions promising to reduce traffic congestion despite Decades of evidence that it doesn't work plus a recent increase in online urbanist content lately has indued the demand for more videos and if this video helps more people understand the concept then it will be worth it let's talk about induced demand when a highway gets filled up with traffic the solution seems obvious make it bigger then there's more space for all the cars intuitively that makes sense if your water pipe is overflowing make it bigger problem solved but and I know this is going to come as a shock to some of you cars are not made of water well except this one I guess more importantly cars are driven by people who make different decisions based on their environment and the options available to them transportation is important people will literally choose where to live where to work where to shop and where to send their kids to school based on how easy it is to get there and conversely the transportation Network itself is heavily affected by the behavior of the people using it without understanding this underlying psychological component of traffic it's impossible to do anything about it which is why fixing Road congestion isn't a simple Plumbing problem Road widening projects can take years to complete they're a lot more complicated than just slapping down some extra asphalt and the road needs to remain open to traffic as much as possible during construction too when the project is finally done though drivers can enjoy those sweet new Lanes but in a growing city this is only temporary because as more people become aware that the road is ...