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Favorite books of 2025

In an era defined by digital noise and performative outrage, Maria Popova offers a radical counter-narrative: that the most urgent political act is the deliberate cultivation of gratitude and the re-enchantment of the natural world. This is not a mere list of recommendations, but a manifesto arguing that our collective despair stems from a failure of attention, and that the remedy lies in books that teach us to see the "sunlit fort" of our own perception.

The Architecture of Gratitude

Popova opens by challenging the default human posture of complaint, suggesting we are trapped in a "cage of complaint, too preoccupied with how the will of life betrayed our wishes." Her selection of Rachel Hébert's The Book of Thanks serves as the anchor for this argument, framing gratitude not as a passive feeling but as a trainable discipline. She writes, "In our age of competitive prostration, this is a headstand hard to hold for long. But it is trainable." This framing is powerful because it removes the moral judgment often attached to happiness; it treats joy as a muscle that atrophies without use.

Favorite books of 2025

The author highlights Hébert's invitation to open our attention to the "minute and majestic loveliness" of the world, from "stalactites and Spanish moss" to the "cobalt eye of the scallop." By focusing on these specific, tangible details, Popova argues that the antidote to existential dread is not grand solutions, but a hyper-local focus on the immediate. She notes that Hébert offers a theological statement that "there is nothing you must do to belong," a sentiment that directly counters the transactional nature of modern success metrics.

"What emerges is prayerful... and a manual for how to live in gratitude... what is working wants your praise."

Critics might argue that this focus on individual perception risks ignoring systemic injustices that cannot be "praised" away. However, Popova's underlying point is that without a restored capacity for wonder, the energy required for systemic change is impossible to sustain. The argument holds because it addresses the psychological burnout that paralyzes activism.

The Creative Loneliness of Genius

Shifting from the emotional to the intellectual, Popova explores the intersection of science and poetry through Muriel Rukeyser's biography of Josiah Willard Gibbs. She frames Gibbs not merely as a physicist, but as a figure whose "creative loneliness" allowed him to unravel the mysteries of matter. Popova writes, "Whatever has happened, whatever is going to happen in the world, it is the living moment that contains the sum of the excitement, this moment in which we touch life and all the energy of the past and future."

This section draws a profound parallel between the isolation of scientific discovery and the solitude of the artistic spirit. Popova emphasizes that Gibbs was a "phantom of science to haunt inventors who did not know his name," a man who shaped the modern world while remaining obscure. The commentary suggests that true innovation often requires a departure from the crowd, a "creative loneliness" that society often misunderstands as alienation. She quotes Rukeyser on the ultimate goal of such effort: "the fertilizing of the moment, so that there may be more life."

The inclusion of Gibbs, a figure often overshadowed by his European contemporaries, strengthens the piece's democratic ethos. It reminds readers that the "sum of the excitement" is not found in the loudest voices, but in the quiet, rigorous work of those who seek to understand the underlying order of things.

The Grammar of Imagination

Perhaps the most politically charged section of the piece is Popova's reflection on Gianni Rodari's The Grammar of Fantasy. She connects her childhood experience of reading Rodari's fable "The Air Vendor" to the post-communist transition in Bulgaria, where the tyranny of ideology was replaced by the tyranny of consumerism. She recalls the story of a man who bottles air, noting how she sensed a "menacing" warning about the commodification of life itself.

Popova explains that Rodari, a teacher who survived the fascist era, viewed storytelling as a system for organizing thought, much like grammar organizes words. She writes that Rodari believed in "all possible uses of words for all people," a motto with a "nice democratic sound." The core of her argument here is that imagination is a liberating force: "not because everyone is an artist, but because no one is a slave."

"Storytelling, Rodari realized, was a system for organizing thought into imagination, the way grammar is a system for organizing words into ideas."

This is a crucial intervention in the current discourse on education. While policy debates often focus on standardized testing and economic utility, Popova champions Rodari's view that the "liberating value of the word" is essential for a functioning democracy. A counterargument might suggest that fantasy is a luxury for the privileged, but Popova's personal anecdote about reading during a political upheaval suggests the opposite: that the ability to imagine a different course is a survival skill for the oppressed.

Re-enchanting the River

The final section turns to the natural world, specifically the rights of nature movement, through Robert Macfarlane's Is a River Alive?. Popova challenges the Western rationalist view that treats rivers as mere resources, arguing instead for a "grammar of animacy" where water is a living entity. She writes, "To imagine that a river is alive causes water to glitter differently. New possibilities of encounter emerge — and loneliness retreats a step or two."

By invoking the "moral calculus" of granting personhood to rivers, Popova aligns with indigenous traditions that have long recognized the agency of the non-human world. She notes that this perspective is "entirely absent from the Western canon, absent from our legislature and our imagination." The commentary suggests that this absence is not just a philosophical gap, but a practical one that leads to ecological destruction. She quotes Macfarlane on the difficulty of this shift: "It requires unlearning, a process much harder than learning."

The inclusion of this topic elevates the piece from a literary review to an environmental ethic. It posits that the "fate of rivers under rationalism has been to become one-dimensional water," stripping them of their spiritual and ecological complexity. This framing forces the reader to confront the limitations of a worldview that only values what can be measured and monetized.

Bottom Line

Maria Popova's curation is a masterful argument for the necessity of deep attention in a distracted age. The strongest part of her case is the synthesis of disparate fields—physics, children's literature, ecology, and theology—to prove that the capacity for wonder is the foundation of both personal resilience and civic health. Her biggest vulnerability is the potential for this approach to feel escapist to those facing immediate material hardship, yet her insistence that imagination is a tool for liberation, not just comfort, mitigates this risk. Readers should watch for how these themes of "unlearning" and "re-enchantment" begin to influence broader educational and environmental policy debates in the coming years.

Deep Dives

Explore these related deep dives:

  • Gianni Rodari

    The article dedicates significant space to Rodari's life and work, discussing his influence on children's literature and his philosophical approach to storytelling. Readers would benefit from deeper context about this Italian writer who won the Hans Christian Andersen Award.

  • Josiah Willard Gibbs

    The article discusses Muriel Rukeyser's book about Gibbs, whom Einstein considered the greatest mind America produced. Understanding Gibbs's contributions to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics would enrich the reader's appreciation of why Rukeyser wrote about him.

  • Muriel Rukeyser

    The article features Rukeyser's prose poem biography of Willard Gibbs extensively. Readers would gain valuable context understanding her as an American poet who uniquely blended science, politics, and literature in her work.

Sources

Favorite books of 2025

by Maria Popova · The Marginalian · Read full article

Because I read for the same reason I write — to fathom my life and deepen my living — looking back on a year of life has always been looking back on a year of reading. Here are the books I read this year that clarified and magnified my life, that will stay with me for the rest of it.

THANKS.

Here we are, living these lives bright and perishable as a poppy, hard and shimmering as obsidian. We know that they are entirely improbable, that we bless that bright improbability with each flash of gratitude for it all, that if we pay attention closely and generously enough we are always repaid in gladness, that it is the handle of the door to the world. And yet over and over we choose to live in the cage of complaint, too preoccupied with how the will of life betrayed our wishes, the wanting monster always growling in the other corner of the cage.

Imagine parting the bars and stepping out. Imagine waking up with a rush of gladness at everything we were never promised but got anyway — trees and music, clouds and consciousness, the cobalt eye of the scallop, the golden fan of the gingko, the alabaster chandelier of the ghost pipe.

In our age of competitive prostration, this is a headstand hard to hold for long. But it is trainable. It is possible to become strong enough to be tender, it is.

Artist and poet Rachel Hébert offers a bright patch of training ground in The Book of Thanks: A Catalogue of Gratitudes — one of the most miraculous books I have ever encountered, trembling with tenacious tenderness for the bewilderment of being alive.

Radiating from the pages is an invitation, extended in paintings and poems, to open “the sunlit fort of your attention” and let the world rush in, in all its minute and majestic loveliness: stalactites and Spanish moss, spiderwebs and skylights, snow and the call of the snowy owl, the heart’s capacity for “an urgent, flashing, interrupting kind of love.”

What emerges is prayerful (“more cellos, touch, and rain, please”) and singing with praise (“roots gripping, canyon carved, spine woven of baleen a thousand years old”) — a manual for how to live in gratitude (“what is working wants your praise”) and a theological statement (“there is nothing you must do to belong”).

She writes:

What ...